The larger the f-stop value, the less light enters the lens, over a set exposure time. The photographer controls the f-stop, which determines the depth of field and how much light enters the lens. If the lens focal length is 20mm and the aperture diameter is 10mm, then f-stop = 20mm/10mm = 2. The graphic shows increasing f-stop values with decreasing aperture diameters. The focal length of the lens determines your field of view (composition) and the magnification of the scene. The aperture diameter is the straight distance across the widest part of the aperture.
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